形式宾语(英语语法)

2023-07-30 38阅读

形式宾语

英语语法

形式主语和宾语的使用都是为了简化语句,让别人一目了然。当主语、宾语是很长的从句、不定式、动名词时常用“形式主语”和“形式宾语”来替代,而真正的主语、宾语置于句末。之所以用it代替是避免头重脚轻。

中文名 形式宾语
外文名 Anticipatory Object
作用 补充宾语
结构 主语+谓语+it+adj+to do sth

用法辨析

下列四种情况须用it作形式宾语:

①当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等);

e.g.They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.

(他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。)

I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.

(我觉得理解特别英语并不难。)

He makes it a rule never to borrow money.

(他立志决不向别人借钱。)

I think it no need talking about it with them.

(我认为没必要跟他们谈。)

②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如like,enjoy,love,hate等,往往不能直接接宾语从句;

e.g.I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.

(我不喜欢他那么懒惰。)

I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.

(我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。)

③that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语;

e.g.You may depend on it that we shall always help you.

(尽管放心,我们会随时帮你的。)

Would you see to it that she gets home early?

(你负责保证她早到家,好吗?)

He insisted on it that he was innocent.

(他坚持说自己是无辜的。)

④由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,须借用it。

e.g.I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.

(我让你自己判断这事是否该做。)

We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.

(多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。)

几种特殊的形式宾语

通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形,即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构,但以下几类形式宾语却比较特殊,其后没有宾语补足语。

动词+it+that-从句

I like it that you came.你来了,我很高兴。

I take it (that) he will come on time.我认为他会准时来的。

You can put it that it was arranged before.你可以说这是以前安排的。

Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign.据传闻,国防部长不久就要辞职。

【注】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有have,take,put,like等。

动词+it +when (if)-从句

I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。

We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。

I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.要是我不必做那么多工作,就太好了。

【注】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等。

例题

( )I think____necessary for us to learn English well.

A it B that

C its D that's

正确答案:A

参考资料

1.形式宾语·出国留学网

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